Teks Laporan (Report Text)

Beberapa minggu yang lalu, tepatnya saat pembelajaran di bulan Mei 2016, saya mengajarkan materi teks laporan (Report text) di kelas XI. Hampir seluruh siswa memahami maksud saya ketika saya menjelaskan penugasan membuat karangan teks laporan, tetapi ternyata saya menemukan ada tiga siswa yang menyalah artikannya dengan materi teks berita (News Item).

Teks laporan adalah jenis teks yang paling “umum” dari seluruh jenis teks yang diajarkan di dalam Kurikulum di Indonesia. Umum disini maksudnya adalah jenis teks yang contohnya biasa siswa temukan di dalam buku-buku paket pelajaran mereka, seperti untuk program IPA di mata pelajaran Biologi, dan untuk IPS bias ditemukan di mata pelajaran Sosiologi dan Ekonomi. Mengapa bisa begitu? Karena teks laporan adalah jenis teks yang menyajikan informasi tentang gejala, fenomena alam atau sosial, terkadang beserta teori, seperti dalam sebuah karya tulis ilmiah sederhana, secara umum. Sedangkan teks berita adalah teks yang memberikan informasi tentang sebuah peristiwa nyata, yang jelas dimana, apa, dan kapan kejadiannya, siapa yang ikut andil di dalam peristiwa tersebut, dengan ada ciri kalimat langsung (Direct Speech) ataupun kalimat tidak langsung (Indirect Speech).

Struktur penyusunan teks laporan cukup sederhana karena hanya terdiri dari dua, yaitu:

1) General Classification adalah pengenalan awal tentang topik yang dibahas secara umum, bias jadi sebuah definisi dari bab yang dibahas, pengelompokan jenis hewan, atau bahkan sebuah pernyataan umum tentang sebuah topic.

2) Description adalah gambaran terperinci dari topic yang disajikan di paragraph sebelumnya.

Mari kita ambil contoh teks di bawah ini,

TRADITIONAL MEDICATION

By Ananda Murti Adyatama of Dwiwarna SHBS Bogor

GENERAL CLASSIFICATION

Traditional medication is the sum total of the knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness. In Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Middle East, 70-95 per cent of the population still use traditional medicine (TM) for primary healthcare. And some 100 million people are believed to use traditional, complementary or herbal medicine in the European Union (EU) alone — as high as 90 per cent of the population in some countries. This is an example of traditional medications.

DESCRIPTION 1

One of the best-known is the Traditional Chinese medicine also known as TCM, includes a range of different practices of traditional medicine that originated in China. TCM is a standard treatment in the East for over 3000 years and includes various methods such healing - acupuncture, diet, herbal medicines, physical movement such as Tai Chi, Qi Gong, and massage techniques.

DESCRIPTION 2

Then Ayurveda that originated over 5,000 years ago in India, and precedes all other medical systems we know. In Ayurveda body type and then someone considered selective methods used for treatment. It has a treatment and cure for almost all types of diseases, right from basic pain relief drugs to cure cancer.

DESCRIPTION 3

The next one is Mediation. Many meditation techniques have been developed by different people. You can use the Tantra, Yoga, Zen, Tibetan, or a basic breathing techniques to help you balance the mind. A meditation technique that suits you can help reduce stress, and improve your life to bring balance and wellness to it.

DESCRIPTION 4

The last is The herbal remedy which is also known as herbal medicine. It is an ancient treatment method that uses a variety of herbs and plant extracts, which have special healing, aromatic or therapeutic properties. You can find a lot of fresh or dried herbs that you can use to make tea, powder, or syrup, or simply use herbs in cooking to flavor various dishes.

Sources :

http://bramardianto.com/berbagai-macam-jenis-pengobatan-alternatif.html

http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/traditional/definitions/en/

http://www.allcountries.org/health/traditional_medicine.html

http://www.scidev.net/global/medicine/feature/traditional-medicine-modern-times-facts-figures.html

Contoh teks laporan hasil karya siswa saya lainnya dapat diunduh, diantaranya:

Aurora By Nadya Wicak

Breast Cancer By Safira Nurfabira

Brunei Darussalam by M. Fadhlan Muflih

Cancer by M. Aditya P

Carnivores by Fathia Azzahra

Cats by Fatur R