Kalimat Pengandaian (Conditional Sentence/If Clause)

Kalimat pengandaian (Conditional Sentence) adalah materi paling saya gemari sewaktu saya masih duduk di bangku SMA dahulu. Bagaimana tidak, ketika ulangan, hanya saya di kelas yang mendapatkan nilai 95 (hanya karena masalah “Had had” yang asing, dan terdengar aneh; bisa saya bahas juga tentang fenomena tersebut karena pada dasarnya mudah, koq.

Kalimat pengandaian pada umunya adalah kalimat bersyarat yang terdiri dari dua kalimat, kalimat induk dan anak kalimat, yang tujuan penyusunan kalimatnya adalah untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang diinginkan sesuai dengan rencana yang masih mungkin terjadi di masa yang akan datang, sesuatu yang tidak mungkin terjadi di saat sekarang, dan atau sesuatu yang (tidak) disesali – yang memiliki akibat di masa sekarang. Oleh karenanya, Kalimat Pengandaian, pada dasarnya dibagi menjadi tiga (3) kategori tergantung waktunya, yaitu:

TIPE	ARTI (WAKTU) SEBENARNYA	RUMUS KALIMAT PENGANDAIAN
1	KEMUNGKINAN (POSSIBILITY)	IF + ARE / AM / IS / V1	WILL + BE / V1
2	TIDAK MUNGKIN SAAT INI (UNREAL PRESENT)	IF + WERE / V2	WOULD + BE / V1
3	PENYESALAN (REGRET / UNREAL PAST)	IF + HAD BEEN / V3	WOULD + HAVE + BEEN / V3

Perhatikan baik-baik contoh kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini.

TIPE 1 – KEMUNGKINAN (POSSIBILITY)

1.   If I need you, I will call you. It means that I will call you whenever I need you. So there’s possibility that I will call you. 2.   If Ms. Elizabeth wears red gown tonight, she will dance salsa with Mr. Patrick. It means that probably Ms. Elizabeth will dance Salsa with Mr. Patrick because of the gown she is wearing. 3.    My brother, Ariea, will dive into the ocean today, if his muscle isn’t stiff anymore. It means that Ariea is going to dive when his muscle is fine.

Dapat kita simpulkan bahwa, kalimat pengandaian tipe pertama selalu memiliki sebuah kemungkinan bahwa hal yang dikatakan akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang.

Mari kita lanjutkan ke kalimat pengandaian bentuk kedua.

TIPE 2 – TAK MUNGKIN TERJADI / KHAYALAN PADA SAAT INI (UNREAL PRESENT)

1.       If Thomas were here, he would tell us a lot of stories. It means that Thomas is not present at the time being so we can’t get any story from him. 2.       If Serena Williams played in the Expendable movie sequels, she could be a great actress. It means that Serena Williams doesn’t play in any Expendables movie sequels and she is not an actress either. 3.       Ms. Jane would think differently in the Racism issue if she lived in America. It means that Ms. Jane doesn’t live in America so she has regular point of view on Racism issue.

Kesimpulan dari kalimat pengandaian bentuk kedua adalah:

1. Dalam kalimat pengandaian, tenses selalu menggunakan bentuk Past Tense (Lampau). Jika diperhatikan, contoh pertama menggunakan To Be “WERE” padahal seharusnya Thomas was, itu dikarenakan dalam kalimat pengandaian, WERE membedakan bentuknya dengan WAS karena WAS digunakan jika kejadian tersebut terjadi di masa lampau. Paham ya?
2. Meskipun kalimat pengandaian dalam bentuk lampau (Past Tense) tetapi arti sebenarnya adalah bentuk saat ini (Present Tense) karena sesuai dengan bentuknya disebut sebagai bentuk UNREAL PRESENT.
3. Dalam bentuk kalimat pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi (Bentuk kedua dan ketiga), ada bentuk dimana kalimat pengandaiannya tanpa menggunakan kata jika (IF), disebut sebagai bentuk “Konversi.” Untuk bentuk kalimat pengandaian bentuk kedua, maka kalimatnya akan menjadi seperti ini, simak, yuk!

TIPE 2 bentuk KONVERSI

1.       If Thomas were here, he would tell us a lot of stories. It means that Thomas is not present at the time being so we can’t get any story from him. Should Thomas be here, he would tell us a lot of stories. 2.       If Serena Williams played in the Expendable movie sequels, she could be a great actress. It means that Serena Williams doesn’t play in any Expendables movie sequels and she is not an actress either. Should Serena Williams play in the Expendable movie sequels, she could be a great actress. 3.       Ms. Jane would think differently in the Racism issue if she lived in America. It means that Ms. Jane doesn’t live in America so she has regular point of view on Racism issue. Ms. Jane would think differently in the Racism issue should she live in America.

Kesimpulan:

Kata “IF” dihilangkan dan diganti menjadi kata kerja bantu “SHOULD” kemudian kata setelah Subyeknya dirubah menjadi bentuk dasar. Contoh lainnya: If she drank menjadi Should she drink – atau – If she were a teacher menjadi Should she be a teacher. Mudah kan?

Nah, sekarang kita pelajari kalimat pengandaian bentuk ketiga.

TIPE 3 – TAK MUNGKIN TERJADI / KHAYALAN PADA SAAT LAMPAU - PENYESALAN (UNREAL PAST)

1.       If the housekeeper had not thrown the rubbish, she would have been scolded by her master. It means that the housekeeper threw the rubbish so her master seemed nice. 2.       If Indra had prepared his presentation, he would not have been fired yesterday. It means that Indra did not work anymore because he was fired for not preparing his presentation. 3.       My friends could have come to my house if the weather had been perfect last night. It means that I didn’t meet my friends because the weather was bad last night.

Berbeda dengan bentuk kedua yang menerangkan bahwa kejadian sebenarnya adalah saat ini, maka bentuk ketiga adalah kejadian lampau. Selain itu, untuk bentuk KONVERSI, hanya perlu merubah kalimat pernyataan yang diikuti oleh kata “IF” dengan menjadikannya kalimat Tanya. Perhatikan contoh kalimat yang telah dijelaskan diatas!

TIPE 3 bentuk KONVERSI

1.       If the housekeeper had not thrown the rubbish, she would have been scolded by her master. It means that the housekeeper threw the rubbish so her master seemed nice. Had the housekeeper not thrown the rubbish, she would have been scolded by her master 2.       If Indra had prepared his presentation, he would not have been fired yesterday. It means that Indra did not work anymore because he was fired for not preparing his presentation. Had Indra prepared his presentation, he would not have been fired yesterday. 3.       My friends could have come to my house if the weather had been perfect last night. It means that I didn’t meet my friends because the weather was bad last night. My friends could have come to my house had the weather been perfect last night.

Paham kan? Mudah kan? See? Not that bad, right?
Nah, kalau kalian sudah paham dengan penjelasannya, latihan soalnya bisa diunduh di Latihan soal Conditional Sentence 1

Ada satu hal yang hampir dilupakan. Ya, bentuk “Had had” itu bagaimana bisa terjadi?

“Had had” adalah bentuk Past Perfect (HAD + V3), dimana di dalam kalimat pengandaian, selalu bisa kita temukan dalam bentuk ketiga. Dari pengertiannya, bisa memiliki beberapa pengertian, diantaranya:

1.       I had had three cars in my garage a few months ago (Saya telah memiliki tiga buah mobil di dalam garasi saya beberapa bulan yang lalu). 2.       I had had you close the door (Saya telah meminta kamu menutup pintu ).    Jika ada pertanyaan, silahkan e-mail saya achdimerdianto@gmail.com